Free Essays on The Value Of Dreams

The Value of Dreams People have dreams. They have dreams when they are asleep, or they have dreams that they wish to fulfill in their lifetime. Hitler had a dream. His dream was a goal in which he would do anything to achieve it. Then there are dreams of people who believe that they were adducted by aliens. Just like these people had dreams, so did Goodman Brown and Aylmer. Nathaniel Hawthorne's stories "Young Goodman Brown" and "The Birthmark" both make use of dreams to affect the story and reveal the central characters. With each story, the dreams presented are extremely beneficial to the development of the story as they give the reader a new view of the plot itself, or the characters within. At the same time, however, it becomes difficult to determine how much of the dream has been affected by the character, and how much is pure fantasy. This is true with Young Goodman Brown, who cannot determine whether the events in his life actually occurred, or if they simply were created in his troubled mind while he slept. In "The Birthmark," Aylmer too is haunted by his nighttime musings as he dreams of mutilating his wife in order to rid her of a small birthmark. This small detail later turns out to foreshadow the conclusion of the story, while giving readers further insight into his diabolical nature. Dreams thusly play an important developmental role in the explication of Hawthorne's characters. Young Goodman Brown's dream near the end of his story has a most profound effect on his character. "There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree," said Goodman Brown to himself; and he glanced fearfully behind him as he added, "What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow!" (Brown). After a night of making deals with the Devil, having all of his fellow countrymen show their Satanic sympathies and himself becoming affiliated with the Fallen Angel, Brown understandably looks to account these incredible events to a dream sta... Free Essays on The Value Of Dreams Free Essays on The Value Of Dreams The Value of Dreams People have dreams. They have dreams when they are asleep, or they have dreams that they wish to fulfill in their lifetime. Hitler had a dream. His dream was a goal in which he would do anything to achieve it. Then there are dreams of people who believe that they were adducted by aliens. Just like these people had dreams, so did Goodman Brown and Aylmer. Nathaniel Hawthorne's stories "Young Goodman Brown" and "The Birthmark" both make use of dreams to affect the story and reveal the central characters. With each story, the dreams presented are extremely beneficial to the development of the story as they give the reader a new view of the plot itself, or the characters within. At the same time, however, it becomes difficult to determine how much of the dream has been affected by the character, and how much is pure fantasy. This is true with Young Goodman Brown, who cannot determine whether the events in his life actually occurred, or if they simply were created in his troubled mind while he slept. In "The Birthmark," Aylmer too is haunted by his nighttime musings as he dreams of mutilating his wife in order to rid her of a small birthmark. This small detail later turns out to foreshadow the conclusion of the story, while giving readers further insight into his diabolical nature. Dreams thusly play an important developmental role in the explication of Hawthorne's characters. Young Goodman Brown's dream near the end of his story has a most profound effect on his character. "There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree," said Goodman Brown to himself; and he glanced fearfully behind him as he added, "What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow!" (Brown). After a night of making deals with the Devil, having all of his fellow countrymen show their Satanic sympathies and himself becoming affiliated with the Fallen Angel, Brown understandably looks to account these incredible events to a dream sta...

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buy custom Application Essay essay Today, human beings have turned out to be self-centred. We are always busy, thinking about own benefits and doing only things that help to fulfil our intentions. We think neither about other persons, nor about entire society. The thought that we should be our brothers keepers provoked me to continue staring at Mathew Johnsons lifeless body. After making a journal entry on July 14th, I evaluated how he fought endlessly for society. Soldier Matthew J. Johnson died today in Operation Enduring Freedom, Afghanistan War 2010. He had not died alone since images of other soldiers frequently appeared on BBC News television screen. Haunting and torturous experience they underwent remained in my mind. The nagging memory prompted me to think more about the political interests of nations, which made innocent men like Mathew die. It is unfair that while feigned authorities rule, soldiers try to pursue and execute interests of other people. I felt the need to take on responsibility to raise awarene ss. This memory called me to get out of my comfort zone. One Sunday afternoon, as I was studying for my final 9th grade exam, I exploded. I could barely concentrate since the heavy burden of why should it happen this way? was weighing heavily on me. I lost my countenance and I needed to share my feelings with somebody. I went downstairs, looking for someone to share my feelings with. On my way down, I was having an argument with myself. Although I promised myself to appreciate peoples advice and to turn their passion into constructive emotions, I was already tired of empty opinions and adults attempts to deflate my dreams and control my self-expression. Let me understand you, honey, my father said, why are you upset?. Peoples lack of international responsibility makes me furious was all that came out of my mouth. My father tried to calm me down, when I desperately explained my disappointment with peoples indifference towards international responsibilities, but he did not succeed. People only care about themselves, I concluded, storming out of the door. Nonetheless, several months after this event, I began looking for an explanation of peoples selfishness. I suddenly sensed an enlightenment, knowledgeability and some relief. The fact is people care more about themselves and their individual lives and know little about international concerns. I realized that I was unconsciously shaped by society in which personal interest supersedes morality and, as a result, I felt uncomfortably out of place. When people like dad takee care of their family responsibilities, forgetting everything about fallen soldiers like Mathew Johnson, they are still regarded as good citizens. I could not help thinking about paltry moral standards of small society. The truth was that highlighting others passivity helped me to hide mine. I supposed that the same social patterns could also pertain to me, but I refused to accept the concept of responsibility as newfound limitation. From my perspective, responsibility was not just personal, but also political and even international. I never thought of a dramatic experience of an epiphany that I would come to terms with reality, but that Sunday afternoon, I saw the light. The feeling denoted the start of my quest to bring change to the world. I knew that my efforts would be inconsequential if I attacked the system wholly. Eventually, I knew that knowledge regarding international politics was my strongest weapon. Owing to that occasion, I decided to transform myself. I started to work with many people, volunteered in political projects, and created a website that helps people understand international politics. Finally, I realized that I had to change myself in order to change the world. Hence, I liberated my mind from personal, cultural and family ties to become a global citizen. Nothing changed in the world that day, except me. Buy custom Application Essay essay

The Effective Media Tool In Communicating With Arab Audience. Which Of Essay

The Effective Media Tool In Communicating With Arab Audience. Which Of The Four Media Tools, (Newspaper, Radio, Internet Or Television) Is Mostly Preferred By Arab Audience In The Middle East - Essay Example Many factors will give me a competency in doing this research. I was born and reared in that region. During my work in the media field in the Middle East, I was in direct contact with people and their concerns. The study about the audiences has always been an essential part of my undergraduate and graduate studies. Additionally, I am a native Arabic speaker and I have easy access to the researched region and its population with regards to surveys. This study enables me to apply my research techniques and know the role of each medium in influencing public opinion. The September 11 terrorist attack in New York City and the recent bombings in London made communication with the audience of Middle East a main priority for United Kingdom and other countries. Arab audience have become a very important issue for the western countries. Infact, the BBC World Service, will be launching an Arabic TV station dedicated in communicating with the audiences in the Arab world. This paper examines political, physiological and social issues that affect an audience towards the medium.

EARLY US HISTORY Bacons Rebellion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EARLY US HISTORY Bacons Rebellion - Assignment Example I have come to understand the changes that major events such as Bacon’s Rebellion have brought to Virginia. The history of this place is very interesting as it will help you understand major events that took place here and appreciate Virginia more. I have come to understand life here in Virginia very differently. In colonial Virginia, people used to suffer from a lot of problems such as high taxes and low prices for tobacco. The colonial times were very difficult for many people in Virginia. Those who got along well with the governor during those years, Sir William Berkeley, got special privileges, which was quite unfair to the rest of the people. These privileges were irregular because they were only accorded to those who were close to the governor. The governor also appeared to have failed in defending the region against the frequent attacks by Native Americans. These attacks led to mass deaths, as well as massive loss of property. The region was characterized by a disorganized political framework. Berkeley did not do enough to deal with the safety of the people he was in charge of protecting. The Bacon’s rebellion was a revolt organized by Nathaniel Bacon in 1976 in colonial Virginia to protest against the problems that were being experienced in Virginia at that time. Bacon was determined to bring the rule of Governor Berkeley to an absolute end. His efforts were aimed at bringing to the attention of the government the fact that all social classes needed to be treated equally and with dignity. Bacon’s rebellion led to a better Virginia that is seen today. The region had serious problems of racism which saw the blacks and whites engaged in constant conflicts. However, during the rebellion, the blacks and whites joined hands to oppose the rule of Governor Berkeley. The ruling class was really threatened by this unity because it was something that had

Theoretical perspective of present study as related to literature Essay Example for Free

Theoretical perspective of present study as related to literature Essay The present study presents a qualitative approach to determining whether the block schedule is advantageous to school systems. As the above literature review indicates, current studies are inconclusive as to whether or not block scheduling leads to an increase in test scores. This study will look at additional factors of the block scheduling system in order to determine if block schedule can produce positive academic outcomes directly or indirectly. Rationale for Present Study. While the literature as a whole provides only statistically insignificant support using test scores as determinants for the academic merit of block scheduling, other variables have not been the focus of these studies. These variables include attitudes of principals, teachers, parents and students, school climate, utilization of alternative teaching methods and other less tangible outcomes. Specifically, block scheduling often results in better nonacademic outcomes (e. g., positive class climate and enhanced instructional opportunities) than does traditional scheduling. Thus, the findings from the present study that students in block scheduling perform academically as well as or slightly better than students in traditional scheduling supports the implementation of block scheduling in high school settings. However, if the only goal of adopting a block scheduling program is to improve short-term student test scores, then the literature and this study are less enthusiastic (Lewis, Dugan, Winokur, and Cobb, 2005). In addition to academic advantages, some teachers claim school climate and discipline has improved as teachers spend more time with each other (O’Neil, 1995; Short and Thayer, 1998). Summary Oftentimes, test scores do not tell the whole story. Schools with block scheduling may see increased achievement in places they least expected. Over time, these results might translate into the academic achievement that remains ambiguous at present. Introduction . The results of this study could potentially add to the body of knowledge regarding the strengths and advantages of block scheduling versus traditional scheduling. It is incredibly short-sighted to view test scores as the only indicator of improved academic achievement. As the studies above indicate, test scores are inconclusive in determining whether block scheduling is effective. However, there are two flaws here. First, only one study took into effect the factor of time on block schedule when conducting its research. This time factor gives the schools system time to settle in to and to perfect its system. Second, the studies seem to ignore other variables which can contribute to academic achievement and performance. According to Magdol, (1992), the factors that contribute to academic achievement fall into the following groups: â€Å"Individual, Family, Peer, School, Work and Community. The school factors she isolates are Alienated Teachers, Inflexible Curricula, Lack of Counseling Services for At-Risk Students, School Transitions, Weak Administrative Support, Large School District, Large School, Low Participation in Extracurricular Activities, Negative School Climate and Uninvolved Parents† (Magdol, 1992). Design of Study This study will examine two high schools, one which uses block scheduling and one which uses traditional scheduling. Students, teachers, teachers and administrators will be surveyed as to discipline issues, attendance and scores on the GHSGT in order to determine if any trends evolve that correlate with these variables. Then an analysis of the advantages of block or traditional scheduling within these schools can be made. Sample and Site The block scheduled school used in this study is Upson-Lee High School in Thomason, Georgia. The traditionally scheduled school used in this study is Spalding High school in Griffin, Georgia. Students who have completed their eleventh grade year and who have taken the social studies component of the GHGGT will be used as the sample group.

states and power in africa Essay -- essays research papers

We must understand the differences in the African and European political experience in order to understand the difficulties faced by African leaders. In Herbst’s book States and Power in Africa, First I will give an overview of the differences between the African and European advances toward becoming a nation state. Next the reasons why these differences are important to understanding the difficulties faced by African leaders will be discussed. Finally I will give an overview of possible alternatives to the current system of states in Africa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In States and Power in Africa Herbst shows us several differences between   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important to look at why Herbst’s analysis of Africa’s and Europe’s political differences gives us many reasons that go toward the explaining African leader’s political difficulties. One of Herbst’s overall arguments is that the colonization of Africa by Europe is not solely responsible for their self destructive systems of government. He would like others studying comparative politics to understand that many of the pre-colonial social and political norms as well as post-colonial observance of the forced state system have also contributed to Africa’s current problems. Herbst’s shows us that it is important to look beyond the predetermined political geography as set forth at the Berlin Conference as the sole reason for African leader’s difficulty in broadcasting power. To counter this argument Her...

Raising Achievement of Ethnic Minority Children Essay

This literature review would explore the barriers in raising educational achievements of ethnic minority students. As this is a broad area of concern the literature would examine two main barriers such as social background issues and English as Additional Language (EAL) while briefly looking at other barriers such as†¦ Statistical data collected from the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) 2002 would be analysed in respect to this group social economic status and its effect on their learning. The literature would outline the significance of raising achievement, particularly ICT teacher’s responsibility. This report would identify some strategies/solutions including pedagogical approaches to raising achievement which would be supported by research. The overall findings would illustrate why ethnic minority children underperform academically than their counterparts in school. INTRODUCTION It is important to recognise that ethnic minority pupils may fall into the category of low class low achievement. (Battle and Lewis 2010 pg35) said â€Å"a person’s education is closed linked to their life chances, income and wellbeing† it’s therefore, fair to say that ethnic minority communities are most likely to underachievement than others because of their socio-economic conditions. Language in education has long been the subject of attention by educationists at all levels. Initially as concerning the ‘problem’ of teaching English to children for whom it is not a first language, The Swann Report 1985 pg385 Other drawbacks to raising achievement are institutional racism, lack of motivation, lack of suitable challenge, the appropriateness of activities and tasks, a mix-match of expectations, a perceived irrelevance of the activities and tasks. National Education Authority claim to be â€Å"raising achievement to higher levels and closing student achievement gaps are priorities in schools and communities at all economic levels and in urban, rural, and suburban settings†. (http://www.nea. org/home/17413. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) What is Raising Achievement? According to (DfES 0013-2006. Pg. 6) (Excel and enjoy) raising achievement means a â€Å"tailored education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations, and builds their life chances. It will create opportunity for every child, regardless of their background†. Teachers have a committed liability to enable all learners to attain and achieve their full potential, whether they are SEN (Special Education Needs), EAL (English as an Additional Language) or ethnic minority student. What is Ethnic Minority? The ethnic minorities in the UK, 50% are Asian or Asian British (Indian, Pakistani etc. ), 25% are Black or Black British (Black African, Black Caribbean etc. ), 15% are Mixed Race, 5% are Chinese and 5% are of other ethnic backgrounds. (http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) Cabinet Office defined it as â€Å"Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage (thus the term ethnic minorities can also be used to include White ‘ethnic’ minority groups in Britain, such as the Irish or people from other European countries). However, the systematic historical and continuing pattern of disadvantage for Black and Asian groups singles them out for special consideration†. (webarchive. gov. uk. Accessed 02/11/12). Barriers to Raising achievement Socio-Economic Backgrounds: Socio class can cause inequality in class which could in turn influence the achievement in children; (C. Stephen pg. 269) Social scientists have recognised the importance of an individual’s family socio economic status (SES) has an influence on the academic achievement of children since the mid-1960s. It could cause low their self-confidence and self-esteem â€Å"ethnic minorities may have special issues related to self-esteem. Because of prejudice, minority members are likely to see a negative image of themselves† ( DeLamater. J & Myers. D pg. 88). (http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm) â€Å"Ethnic backgrounds that are less successful in education is because they have a higher percentage of pupils from working class backgrounds. Also the lower a child’s class position, the lower their income. Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black pupils are more likely to be raised in low income families. This can affect how well they do in school because lack of funds means lack of school equipment, less favourable working conditions e. g. cold house, no desk etc. This inequity could lead to poor or erratic attendance which was cited as a contributory factor to poor attainment in several schools. Table1 the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) 2002 illustrates the impact of socio-economic disadvantage by comparing relative GCSE performance for pupils who are eligible for free school meals. This shows that pupils from lower socio-economic groups tend to achieve less good results than those from higher socio-economic groups and that this difference is particularly large for white pupils. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) Table2: The pupil level annual school census (PLASC) 2002 characteristics: Proportion achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs for those entered for GCSEs in Maintained Schools in 2002 Note: these charts are based on data collected as part of the 2002 Pupil Level Annual Schools Census. From 2003, data will be based on an updated set of categories including mixed heritage, Gypsy/Roma and Travellers of Irish heritage which are listed at annex A. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) Discrimination on grounds such as race will affect effective learning fundamentally in most cases, which is linked to disparities in school. Some schools are ‘institutionally racist’, says Oftsed’s Director of Inspections, Jim Rose – to the annoyance of teachers’ unions. Mr Rose said â€Å"Much of that [racism], we think, is to do with unwitting stereotyping of youngsters and the lack of expectation or lowered expectation of teachers as a result of that sometimes (http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/education/294078. stm)†. With the fact that their â€Å"ethnicity influences their class and their class influences their attitude†, there is concern about the aspirations of underprivileged children â€Å"socio-economic barriers may hinder aspiration formation for these children because of lack of mentors, opportunities, and resources and also doubt their ability to attain in learning† (http://www.learningbenefits. net/Publications/ResReps/ResRep27. pdf pg3). The majority of schools are engaged in a wide variety of initiatives to improve provision and raise the attainment of all pupils. However, few schools monitor these activities systematically and rarely do they have a specific ethnic focus. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7). Strategies to raising achievement of Socio-economic barrier: Having realistic expectations of the educational achievement of children of lower socioeconomic groups will make them feel they can achieve their potential. â€Å"Expectations are also shaped by teacher and student perceptions of the reasons for successes and failures. A â€Å"low ability† student, who views failures as lack of ability and successes as luck, will lose his motivation, feeling that there is little he can change to improve his learning†. (Rose Miller 2001) As evidenced earlier pupils from ethnic minority group have low self –esteem therefore, it is crucial for teachers to encourage the child or young person to find their own preferred style and rhythm of learning so they are motivated to pursue their learning process, making them have ownership of their own learning and work. To help raise achievement teachers and leaders should monitor and track achievement, encourage and support the child to maximize their potential – be aspirational for them. â€Å"Parents with fewer financial resources tend to hold lower aspirations for their children, and young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have lower aspirations than their more advantaged peers (Schoon, 2006). Promoting a culturally friendly environments and establishing classroom ethos of respect with a clear approach to racism and bad behaviour â€Å"modelling and promoting values, attitudes and behaviour supportive of race equality in class would explore and target underachievement to raise attainment†. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). Strategically choosing students to work in groups, peer assessment where they can see others work which could help them shape their own work and attain a better grade. However, teachers need to provide students with a stress free learning environment so they can feel included . (EVIDENCE OF WHY THEY NEED STRESS FREE ENVIRON,ENT) The revised National Curriculum includes a statutory inclusion statement setting out how teachers can ensure the curriculum is accessible to all pupils which would certainly help raise attainment for also ethnic minority students . It states that teachers must follow three principles for inclusion: setting ethnic focus. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7). Strategies to raising achievement of Socio-economic barrier: Having realistic expectations of the educational achievement of children of lower socioeconomic groups will make them feel they can achieve their potential. â€Å"Expectations are also shaped by teacher and student perceptions of the reasons for successes and failures. A â€Å"low ability† student, who views failures as lack of ability and successes as luck, will lose his motivation, feeling that there is little he can change to improve his learning†. (Rose Miller 2001) As evidenced earlier pupils from ethnic minority group have low self –esteem therefore, it is crucial for teachers to encourage the child or young person to find their own preferred style and rhythm of learning so they are motivated to pursue their learning process, making them have ownership of their own learning and work. To help raise achievement teachers and leaders should monitor and track achievement, encourage and support the child to maximize their potential – be aspirational for them. â€Å"Parents with fewer financial resources tend to hold lower aspirations for their children, and young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have lower aspirations than their more advantaged peers (Schoon, 2006). Promoting a culturally friendly environments and establishing classroom ethos of respect with a clear approach to racism and bad behaviour â€Å"modelling and promoting values, attitudes and behaviour supportive of race equality in class would explore and target underachievement to raise attainment†. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). Strategically choosing students to work in groups, peer assessment where they can see others work which could help them shape their own work and attain a better grade. However, teachers need to provide students with a stress free learning environment so they can feel included . (EVIDENCE OF WHY THEY NEED STRESS FREE ENVIRON,ENT) The revised National Curriculum includes a statutory inclusion statement setting out how teachers can ensure the curriculum is accessible to all pupils which would certainly help raise attainment for also ethnic minority students . It states that teachers must follow three principles for inclusion: setting suitable learning challenges; responding to pupils’ diverse learning needs; and overcoming potential barriers to learning and assessment for individuals and groups of pupils. (cabinet office pg14). NALDIC (National Association for Language Development in the Curriculum), states that we should therefore ensure access to and progress through the curriculum or subject content. (using ict for eal pg5) Also very few schools review their curricular and pastoral strategies to ensure that they are sensitive to the ethnic groups in the student population and the wider community. In those instances where schools have done this as a result of concerns about a particular minority ethnic group, positive outcomes have resulted. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7) Schools working effectively with pupils in low attaining groups were not found to adopt specific approaches for particular groups of pupils such as minority ethnic groups, but instead personalised the curriculum, pedagogy and assessment such that pupils in any group could benefit. (Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Self- assessment and appropriate target setting according to individual learning styles would help them to build identities as successful learners. The new Teachers’ Standards (DfE, 2011) would enable this strategy to work perfectly as teachers have to ‘Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupils’†¦evaluate distinctive teaching approaches to engage and support them’. (Standard 5 The QTS Standards: DFES ‘Qualifying to Teach’(2002) In additional, as â€Å"they are much more likely than their peers of a higher socioeconomic environment to have a poor attendance, leave school earlier and with fewer qualifications, and are at far greater risk of being excluded from school. † http://education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf . Teachers recognise strengths and improvements praising their effort would encourage children participation. Using positive words (‘I’ve seen a spark in you) and encourage this group would make them feel motivated, believe in themselves and appreciated to want to attend school (promoting attendance) regardless of any socio-economic worries. Attending â€Å"parents’ evenings and other less formal school functions can help understand difficulties and help to remove any barriers† http://education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. This could help build parent teacher relationship and both parties could devise ways to help raise the achievement and eliminate barriers affecting this young person’s learning. ? Respect frustration and encourage a positive approach to setbacks. http://education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. English as an Additional Language (EAL) barrier on Ethnic Minority: EAL learners will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion, and ethnicity http://www. mkweb. co. uk/emass/documents/Website_EAL_Artwork. pdf. The proportions of pupils with English as an additional language are from ethic minority background groups about five per cent (Black Caribbean pupils) to over 90 per cent (those from Bangladeshi backgrounds). Approximately 9. 3% (over 632,000) of all pupils in schools in England are recorded as having English as an additional language (EAL) according to Statistics of Education 2002(aiminghighraisingachievent pg28). These speech patterns are argued to be consistent with many low income families which are inadequate to meet the demands of the education system. These patterns directly contribute to educational failure as students cannot always understand elaborated speech which teachers use and teachers often misunderstand students who use the restricted speech. As a result there is a breakdown in communication between teachers and pupils. http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm. This is a major barrier to achievement as English is not their first language and cannot communicate effectively in lesson, with peers and content of the curriculum it is helpful for the to access prior knowledge so they have a fair understanding before the next lesson â€Å"Language learners need access to the subject curriculum while they are learning English†. EAL students learning is NOT a learning difficulty, learners should not be placed in groups or sets for ‘slow learners’–they need good peer models of subject specific talk and writing. Teacher expectations are powerful determiners of student success. Teachers should reflect high expectations in the ambitious targets set for these children. Bilingual learners need to make more progress each year than their peers in order to catch up (Collier, 1995) –their efforts need to be acknowledged and appreciated, to build their self-image and self-esteem as successful learners. (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools) Solution/Approaches: (Bourne, 1998 and others) Reforming the mainstream to be more language aware is not only good for bilingual learners, but benefits ALL students (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools). Education authorities have recognised the fact that student with EAL will struggle to reach their potential and has incorporate into the new Teachers’ Standards, saying that â€Å"all teachers and trainee teachers will benefit from an understanding and recognition of EAL as a significant field of teaching and learning. (http://www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy.) It is important to recognise that children learning EAL are as able as any other children, and the learning experiences planned for them should be no less cognitively challenging â€Å"High challenge can be maintained through the provision of contextual and linguistic support and raise attainment. (ExcellenceandEnjoyment:learningandteachingintheprimaryyears,Creatingalearningculture:Classroomcommunity,collaborativeandpersonalisedlearning(DfES 0522-2004 G) However, Schools and colleges will need therefore to provide both physical and virtual learning environments that motivate and support the EAL learner’s distinctive needs. Raising achievement of ethnic minorities students with low attainment and EAL by developing appropriate resources across the curriculum; make effective use of displays boards to support their learning and develop their knowledge of the linguistic, cultural backgrounds. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg32) It is a legal requirement for literacy to be included into lesson; literacy is fundamental to good learning and achievement. It must therefore be a top priority for teachers consider how subject specific vocabulary like writing out keywords on white board, spelling and pronouncing words correctly which would help improve their English language â€Å"grammar should be introduced, modelled, extended and supported through the teaching of subject content to enhance literacy† (ExcellenceandEnjoymentlearningandteachingforbilingualchildrenintheprimaryyears). Organise small groups for computer-based activities that enable early stage learners to work with other first language speakers and to hear good models of English. â€Å"Establishing layered curriculum targets as a context for language development. Speaking and listening: guided sessions for language development. † (Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Using ICT to raise achievement of Ethnic Minority pupils with EAL. ICT has a vital role to play in providing the appropriate resources and technology for both learners and teachers. Using ICT to support EAL students presents challenges for many teachers of how best to make use of these new and emerging technologies to raise the achievement of their EAL students. (Using ICT to support students who have English as an additional language) Using Creative use of ICT in the classroom can promote inclusion and reflect cultural and linguistic diversity. Multimedia Projects provide excellent opportunities for learners to work collaboratively with other first language speakers. Email, local network links, user groups and video conferencing facilities provide opportunity for learners to communicate with proficient speakers of English and also of their first language across the world. Pupils learning EAL require opportunities to draw on additional contextual support to make sense of new information and language. Content learning for pupils learning EAL can be greatly improved through the use of visual support. This can help learners to conceptualise learning tasks that are being presented to them, or in which they are engaged, even when their knowledge of the target language is limited. http://www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy OCD/Migraine/ Metal plate in head due to past injury. If *** bumps her head call carer immediately/ unhappy to come SRS/difficult to make friends/suffered bullying/kept away from other students at break times in primary school/attention seeker/ mother died due to violently attacked by father (sees father in prison) / CAMHS/ care placement/ Literacy/maths/low self esteem/limited support from home/ IEP/PEP Pedagogy approach to EAL EAL pedagogy is the set of systematic teaching approaches which have evolved from classroom based practices in conjunction with the development of knowledge through theoretical and research perspectives. These approaches meet the language and learning needs of pupils for whom English is an additional language. They can be used in a wide range of different teaching contexts. http://www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy Setting out limited number of objectives criteria describe what the outcomes will look like when they are achieved; and actions linked to the target objectives to identify what has to be achieved by the end of lesson is said to raise success of learners whose second language is English (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). Personalisation is the key to tackling the persistent achievement gaps between different social and ethnic groups. It means a tailored education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations and builds their life chances. Higher standards, better schools for all (HMSO 2006)(from-excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) The development of EAL pedagogy has been influenced by social constructivist theories which emphasise the importance of scaffolding learning, and those which highlight the importance of socio-cultural and emotional factors. Children learning EAL will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion and ethnicity. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) Learning of English should be distinguished into communicative skills and cognitive and academic language proficiency. Children should be paired up in group so they can become conversationally fluent in the new language by communication and collaborating with others and to catch up with monolingual peers in the development of cognitive and academic language. Activating pupils prior knowledge â€Å"Finding out what pupils know about a topic through questioning, supporting self-monitoring and using KWL (Know, Want to find out, Learned) charts, brainstorming in small groups or pairs, discovery tasks, enabling use of first language. †http://www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy. Peer and share, questioning strategies using oral feedback is also important to move learners towards the forms of language used in writing (cognitive) and linguistic development. Children learning an additional language are not just learning vocabularies, grammars and pronunciations; it helps them to learn all other language functions such as questioning, analysing, hypothesising that they need for other subjects like mathematics, science, ICT and so on. Planning lesson for a class that has EAL student.

Miracle on St David’s Day by Gillian Clarke Essay

Miracle on St David’s Day is an enchanting, and ultimately optimistic poem relating to the theme of identity by Gillian Clarke. The poem tells the story of a man in a mental institution, who exceeds the expectation of both the nurses and his fellow patients when he regains the ability to talk. In the first stanza of the poem, Gillian Clarke describes the country house in what seems to be an idyllic setting, â€Å"The sun treads the path among cedars and enormous oaks, it might be a country house, guests strolling†. However despite the seemingly pleasant tone, implied by the use of her making it seem informal, through the relaxed wondering of what the House may have been,† might be a country house, guests strolling†, suggesting normality her use of the word might alerts the reader that this idyllic setting may be an illusion and not what it first seems. The illusion of normality is swiftly extracted by the opening line of the second stanza, â€Å"I am reading poetry to the insane†. This line ends with a certain finality, that is so abrupt that it disturbs the so far, flowing effect to the poem, also implying informality and normality, to the effects that it shocks the reader, not only in the disrupted rhythm of the poem but also in the disturbingly blunt reality of what she is saying. Furthermore this is shocking because it is not commonplace for people to be reading poetry to the insane. Gillian Clarke does this numerous times during the poem in order to stop the reader, so that the poem does not ramble, and make it more interesting, â€Å"A beautiful chestnut-haired boy listens entirely absorbed. A schizophrenic†. This use of contrast between the descriptive lines of the opening stanza and the flat, and remarkably blunt, tones of this line introduce the reader to the contrast between the setting and the guests. As we can observe from the line following, â€Å"I am reading poetry to the insane†, which instantly restores the mood of the poem to informal with the humor, of the old woman who is constantly offering the narrator coal, when it is March and she would have no means of getting coal. By the use of having the woman saying humorous things, Gillian Clarke is also contrasting her with the other patients at the home, as she is the only one who is talking. The poem also uses poetic devises such as personification, â€Å"An afternoon yellow and open mouthed†. It uses metaphors, â€Å"In a cage of first march sun†, and similes such as, â€Å"Outside the daffodils are still as wax†, to make the poem more interesting to read, and also without these techniques the imagery of the poem, that the people in the home are daffodils would not be portrayed and the final message of the poem would not be presented to the reader. Thus the poem would be pointless. Gillian Clarke also uses enjambment in the poem, which disturbs the flow of the poem, and I think is also relating to the disturbed personalities of the patients in the home. Enjambment is effectively used in the third to fourth stanzas, as this is a rambling scene of the immense man struggling to get to his chair, and so Clarke reflects this in the appropriate use of enjambment between the stanzas. The first March sun is described as a cage in the third verse as it is sa ying that for these people who have no freedom, even their enjoyment of the sun is trapping them, and they have no choice but to be out absorbed in it. These poetic devices are also used to build up the character of the man in the poem. In the third stanza where the man is introduced, he is described as a big, mild man, and a laborer, who is being tenderly led. This use of contrasting language informs the reader that even though the man is large in size he has to be tenderly led like a child, continuing to imply to the reader that there is something wrong with him. This is confirmed in the forth verse where he is described as rocking, a common action by insane people as it comforts them. His description is also emphasized by the repetition of the words big, mild and dumb. These words make him seem even more immense, which is odd when they are combined with mild. When the huge laboring man speaks he is in beautiful surroundings reciting a poem about daffodils, which is not only being ironic but is breaking the stereotype of laborers being very masculine and rather insensitive, whereas here he is being portrayed as almost feminine and extremely sensitive. What strikes me most prominently when reading the poem is the amount of imagery used to bring emphasis to the overall meaning of Clarke’s poem and to make it more interesting. She has chosen the â€Å"Daffodils†, by W. Wordsworth, as the music that the mute man chooses to speak after forty years of silence. I believe that she has also chosen to describe the man who cannot speak as mute as it is also a musical term, and so therefore is not just emphasizing that there is no speech in his life, but also that there is no music, relating with happiness and merriment, and therefore is saying that without speech there is no joy in the laborer’s life. However when the rhythm of the poetry he is read awakens him, it appears to turn apparent life into reality. The poem is a possible way to show his waking from a world of misery to a reality of nature’s beauty and rhythm, â€Å"Since the dumbness of misery fell he has remembered there was a music of speech and that once he had something to say.† This is also playing on the word dumbness, as dumbness aside from meaning stupidity also is relating to the man who cannot speak as a person who is mute can also be described as, â€Å"dumb†. Informing us that the poem is saying that music is good, as when he cannot speak, and there is no music, it is described as, â€Å"misery† and when this, â€Å"falls†, and he has remembered that there is something to say a thrush sings, representing happiness, and the once, â€Å"wax† still daffodils are flame, representing excitement, life and activity. Therefore Gillian Clarke is saying that the man was not properly alive until the music in his life was restored. He is reciting poetry because what he has heard from the nurses in the institution has restored his memory and he has remembered a poem that he had learnt as a child at school. We know this because Clarke informs us in verse thirty-one, â€Å"Forty years ago, in a Valleys school, the class recited poetry by rote†. I believe that Gillian Clarke’s poem is also relating to music through this imagery. â€Å"Since the dumbness of misery fell he has remembered there was a music of speech and that once he had something to say.† When he speaks there is an immediate exchange of characteristics, the once lifeless patients are alert and the nurses are frozen as the patients once were. I also notice that in Clarke’s poem the daffodils seem to represent the people at the home. At the start of the poem the daffodils are â€Å"open mouthed† showing the way that the patients don’t react to the poetry, as this is the face that people use when they are bored and not listening. Their open mouths show how unreceptive the patients are, once again removing any sense of normality as Gillian Clarke alienates them from ordinary sane people. When the miracle of the man speaking occurs the flowers are silent and still, showing that far from the boredom and lack of interest displayed before, everyone is amazed. We can deduct that the daffodils are not merely flowers, by the use of lines such as, â€Å"their syllables unspoken†, as obviously, flowers can speak no syllables. I think that the use of the candle related words throughout the poem are deliberate, when the flowers are as still as, â€Å"wax†, the man is not speaking and when he does they are a flame, which is representing that the man’s hope, which has always been there, the wax, but when he speaks it is â€Å"a flame†. It is alive. I think that the, â€Å"first bird of the year in the breaking darkness† is symbolic as the first bird of the year, is representing the first speech in the mans life for many years, and the darkness which is now breaking is the bad times of when he could not speak. His first words in many years are described as a bird, as this also relates to the theme of music. Gillian Clarke effectively alienates the patients in the home and portrays the fact that although they are physically there, they mentally are not by the constant use of word absent, â€Å"I read to their presences, their absences†. St David’s Day by Gillian Clarke illustrates the theme of identity through the use of including people in a mental institution, as they have no identity. Yet after forty years a man’s identity breaks through. I believe that this poem is trying to communicate the fact that everyone has an identity; no matter how masked it is from the rest of the world, and by the use of describing them with flowers that cannot speak (which have inner beauty, she is saying that everyone has some kind of identity and beauty. Emotion plays an important part in the poem humor, misery and shock are shown to us and this makes the poems more realistic. Ultimately I feel the reason this is a very effective poem is that the use of daffodils and Wordsworth is subtle but carries a significant meaning that is backed up by the tone of the rest of the poem. I find that the poem is truly touching and although the main message of the poem is quite discrete, the way that it is portrayed makes it seem that you, the reader are really experiencing the miracle.

go napster essays

go napster essays Shawn Fanning, a freshman in college, launched Napster in the beginning of 1999.Napster allows Internet users to share and download MP3 (music) files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network, which could be hundreds of thousands of people.You can use Napster by downloading the software from the Internet site, and then connecting to the network using this software, which allows the sharing of all your MP3 files with anyone else on the network.Unlike many other file sharing networks, Napster limits their users to only download MP3 files.The advantage of these files are that they can be very close to CD quality and are one-tenth the size of a wave file.This is the main reason that many artists and record labels are concerned with the MP3 file format and programs like Napster that makes it very easy to share copyrighted material.The fact that Napster is free and more convenient than going to the store makes it an appealing way to get music for consumers.The problem tha t record companies have is that there is no way of regulating who has access to this information, which means they have no way of making any profit.Since people can now download free music, and artists can release their music themselves, it gives record companies another reason to get worried because internet companies similar to Napster could lead to the end of groups like The Recording Industry Association of America. Napster has become most popular among college students.On most college campuses students have all their computers networked together.This allows them to download music with relative ease.Because the students are all on the same network songs can download much faster then if they were on a regular dial up modem.This has made music industry representatives very angry.The majority of their business is generated in the 16-25 age group.If most of this age group is in college it will severely decrease their record sales. The music industrys ...

Free Essays on Suicide Law

Suicide Law Oregon is fighting with the government to allow doctors to prescribe lethal drugs to ill patients. The people of Oregon voted on â€Å"The Oregon Death with Dignity Act (OODA)† in 1994. The government did not like the idea of a legally prescribed lethal drug that will kill a person. In 1997, the people of Oregon voted again on the OODA. It was passed with a 60% - 40% ratio. The government now says that it is not in compliance with the â€Å"Federal Control Substance Act (CSA).† The OODA and the CSA have been fighting against each other since 1997 in the courts. Terminally ill people should have a right to make decisions regarding their deaths. They should not have to worry about the pain and the burden they are putting on their families. I think people should be able to take the lethal drugs if they want to. It should not be the government’s decision or the state’s decision. If a person is ill enough to want to end their life, then I think the person should be able to. Since the people voted for the OODA then there should not be a reason to deny something that the people of this country want. The Death With Dignity National Center encourages individuals to respect the will of others and to take action against the government’s censorship of the OODA law (1). Terminally ill patients make the decision to end their lives because of tremendous pain and they are tired of putting the burden on their families. The OODA is a law that will allow terminally ill patients to end their lives. A physician can prescribe the drug but cannot administer the drugs to patients. The patient and the doctor both have to agree that the patient only has 6 months to live. The dying patient has to write a letter requesting the lethal drug. Some people know that they are going to die before they talk to doctors. Most of them do not like the idea of their families spending all their money of hospital bills and knowing that it is not going to... Free Essays on Suicide Law Free Essays on Suicide Law Suicide Law Oregon is fighting with the government to allow doctors to prescribe lethal drugs to ill patients. The people of Oregon voted on â€Å"The Oregon Death with Dignity Act (OODA)† in 1994. The government did not like the idea of a legally prescribed lethal drug that will kill a person. In 1997, the people of Oregon voted again on the OODA. It was passed with a 60% - 40% ratio. The government now says that it is not in compliance with the â€Å"Federal Control Substance Act (CSA).† The OODA and the CSA have been fighting against each other since 1997 in the courts. Terminally ill people should have a right to make decisions regarding their deaths. They should not have to worry about the pain and the burden they are putting on their families. I think people should be able to take the lethal drugs if they want to. It should not be the government’s decision or the state’s decision. If a person is ill enough to want to end their life, then I think the person should be able to. Since the people voted for the OODA then there should not be a reason to deny something that the people of this country want. The Death With Dignity National Center encourages individuals to respect the will of others and to take action against the government’s censorship of the OODA law (1). Terminally ill patients make the decision to end their lives because of tremendous pain and they are tired of putting the burden on their families. The OODA is a law that will allow terminally ill patients to end their lives. A physician can prescribe the drug but cannot administer the drugs to patients. The patient and the doctor both have to agree that the patient only has 6 months to live. The dying patient has to write a letter requesting the lethal drug. Some people know that they are going to die before they talk to doctors. Most of them do not like the idea of their families spending all their money of hospital bills and knowing that it is not going to...

This is a PERSUASIVE paper arguing that VIOLENCE ON TV AND IN MUSIC Essay

This is a PERSUASIVE paper arguing that VIOLENCE ON TV AND IN MUSIC causes individuals to perform physically aggressive behavior which can result in injury, and - Essay Example Now that television has spread out into the world in such a big way, there is obviously no way one can turn the clock back and wish it a perennial goodbye. It is a necessity, but it could also be a menace, depending on the way it is used. Psychologists and social activists have time and again, over the years, conclusively established that without proper parental guidance, children are being adversely affected by exposure to the wrong programs in TV. Tender, impressionable, and receptive, the mind of a child is eager and ready to accept thrilling encounters and heroic feats. Therefore, while watching violent encounters and high decibel music, not only he enjoys the pulsating effect but also begins to build a personal bond with the characters in the movie. Eventually, within a short period of time, the child has decided that these are the programs and characters that he is going to be relating with for the rest of his life. In Chicago, two boys, both outsiders, enter, a maths classroom, and are locked in a fight. When the students and teacher try to break it up, one of the students gets fatally stabbed by the outsiders who then flee. Two teenagers burst into their Colorado high school about one year ago and gunned down 13 people. Then they shot themselves. Though it had appeared to be a spur of the moment event, it emerged later that the two had the bloodshed meticulously planned "down to the last bullet and explosive" for nearly a year. It was a murder-cum-suicide mission. Their bigger plan had been to blow up the entire school with pipe bombs attached to their bodies. Society is benefiting in terms of gross national product with everyone, including women, working. However, Kevin Dwyer, president of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) is not pleased. He is direct to the point, "Kids are growing up without the supports they had in the past." Due to the abysmal lack of parental care, the television has become the stalwart companion after school hours for children. A child spends about 2 minutes communicating with his or her parents on an average day as compared to 16 hours a day glued to the television, writes journalist George Howe Colt in his 1991 book, The Enigma of Suicide. Studies are noncommittal on how exposure to images of murders and assaults on the television affects children's behavior, though many psychologists are convinced that violent television shows, movies, and computer games inflame destructive tendencies. Tellingly, more than 86 percent of television shows and movies portray characters who have their interpersonal problems solved with violence, according to NASP. According to the Center for Media Education in Washington, by the time he completes his elementary

The effect of remuneration on productivity an appraisal of primark Research Proposal

The effect of remuneration on productivity an appraisal of primark London - Research Proposal Example This paper defines the remuneration as the process of making an employee motivated by offering him a compensation or benefit. It is basically the gains he gets from the employers in exchange for services he performs in the workplace. It is a great way to increase the morale of an employee and boosting his performance level by keeping him motivated toward the job. Employee remuneration is a way to promote the well being of an employee by raising his status through paying salary to him in return for the services he provides for the employer. Employee remuneration can be characterized into two parts by naming them as time rate and piece rate method. The time rate method is characterized by measuring the time that worker spends on the job whereas piece rate method is related to the unit productivity as seen by the input given by employee to produce output. There are many advantages of time rate method of employee remuneration as it leads to producing quality products within a given time frame and the compensation is provided to employees keeping in view the time they spend on the job. For instance, the salary can be fixed based on hourly, weekly or monthly basis. Here the emphasis is more on the quality than quantity and supervision is tight as compared to piece rate method. It is a good method to make a new employee learn the basics of job without caring for the amount of salary he attains as it is based on the time spent on the task. However, the piece rate method is characteristic of the inputs the employee puts in to produce a specified number of outputs. In this type of method, an employee is more focused with quantity than quality and he is not being placed under strict supervision as he has just to produce the specified number of products at his pace. It is a good way to increase motivation among employees to strive for better pay by producing more outputs (Abrams, 2003). There are number of